Synopsis of Plenary Sessions from 1885 to 2018

1st Session Bombay, 1885 President: Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee General Secretary: Allan Octavian Hume

“At 12 noon on December 28th, 1852, in the Hall of the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, the first national Congress met. The first voice heard were those of Mr. A.O. Hume, the Hon. Mr. Subrahmania Aiyar and the Hon. Mr. K.T. Telang, who proposed, seconded and supported the election of the first President, Mr. W.C. Bonnerjee. A solemn and historic moment was that in which the first of the line of men thus honoured by the Motherland took his seat to preside over her first National Assembly.

Details of the Session

It had been decided to hold the Congress at Poona. The first meeting did not, however, take place at Poona, for, only a few days before Christmas, some sporadic cases of cholera occurred and it was thought wiser to move the Conference, now called the Congress, to Bombay. The Managers of the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College and Boarding House placed the whole of their fine building at the disposal of the Congress and all was ready in the morning of the 27th December for the reception of the Representatives of the Indian Nation.

After alluding to the representative and weighty character of the Congress, W.C. Bonnerjee laid down under four heads the objects of the Congress.

A. The promotion of personal intimacy and friendship amongst all the more earnest workers in our country’s cause in the various parts of the Empire. B. The eradication by direct friendly personal intercourse, of all possible creed or provincial prejudices amongst all lovers of our country and the fuller development and consolidation of those sentiments of national unity that had their origin in our beloved Lord Ripon’s ever memorable reign. C. The authoritative record after this has been carefully elicited by the fullest discussion of the matured opinions of the educated classes in India on some of the more important and pressing of the social questions of the day. D. The determination of the lines upon and methods by which during the next twelve months, it is desirable for native politicians to labour in the public interests. The nine resolutions of the first National Congress mark the beginning of the formulation of India’s demands. • The first resolution was moved by Mr. G. SubramaniaIyer. It asked for a Royal Commission to enquire into the working of Indian administration. • The second for the abolition of the India Council. • The third dealt with the defects of the Legislative Councils in which then all members were nominated, and asked for the admission of elected members for the right of interpellation, for the creation of Councils in the N.W.F.P., and Oudh and in the Punjab, and for a Standing Committee in the House of Commons to consider formal protests from majorities in the Councils. • The fourth prayed for simultaneous examination for the I.C.S. and the raising of the age of candidates. • The fifth resolution resolved that the increase in military expenditure was unnecessary. • The sixth resolution resolved that if the increase for military expenditure are not to be as they ought to be met by retrenchment, they ought to be met by customs duties and license tax. It further resolved that Great Britain extend and imperial guarantee to the Indian debt. • The seventh protested against the annexation of Upper Burma and the proposed incorporation of it with India. • The eighth ordered the sending of resolutions to political bodies and passed all over the country by political bodies and public meetings as admirable plan which has fallen into desuetude they were carried with much enthusiasm and here and there amended on minor points. • The final resolution fixed the next Congress at Calcutta on 28th December, 1886.

2nd Session Calcutta, 1886 President: DadabhaiNaoroji Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr.Rajendralal Mitra General Secretary: A.O. Hume, Delegates: 406 Details of the Session

The number of delegates had gone up to 406, and attended by Surendranath Banerjee and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. There was a large number of visitors. Resolutions passed at this session were more comprehensive and better digested than at the first. The poverty of India was stressed and introduction of representative institutions was held to be the only remedy. A Public Services Committee was appointed and asked to report to the Congress. The Committee headed by DadabhaiNaoroji immediately submitted an eight point statement and the Congress approved and adopted it. The system of trial by jury was asked to be extended all over India. The separation of Judicial from Executive functions in the administration of Criminal Justice in the country was stressed. Congress committees were to be organised at all important centres. Lord Dufferin gave a party to the distinguished visitors.

3rd Session Madras, 1887 President: Badruddin Tyabji Chairman of the Reception Committee: Rajah Sir T. Madhava Row General Secretary: A.O. Hume, Delegates: 607 Details of the Session

The number of delegates rose to 607. A subjects’ committee was appointed for the first time. For the first time, the Congress session was held in a specially erected pandal. A committee was appointed to consider rules to be framed in regard to the Constitution and working of the Congress. The session passed the usual resolutions, on expansion of Legislative Councils, separation of executive from judicial functions, military service and Indian Volunteer Corps. Requested that the taxable minimum of Income Tax should be raised to Rs. 1,000 and the deficit in income should be made up by the reimposition of an import duty on finer classes of cotton goods. Requested the Government to elaborate a scheme of technical education. Opined that the Arms Act cast an unmerited slur on the loyalty of the people and requested the Government to modify the provisions of the Act. Governor of Madras attended the reception given by Mr. Eardley Norton and received the delegates at the Government House.

4th Session Allahabad, 1888 President: George Yule Chairman of the Reception Committee: Pandit Ayodhya Nath General Secretary: A.O. Hume, Delegates: 1,248 Details of the Session

The 4th Indian National Congress was heralded by a tumultuous outbreak of opposition. A great pamphlet and lecture campaign condemned obstruction put in getting a site. The Maharajah of Dharbhanga purchased the Lowther Castle and placed it at the disposal of the Reception Committee. The number of delegates rose up to 1248. Oppositions to the Congress by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Raja Shiva Prasad of Benares. Correspondence between Sir Auckland Colvin and Mr. Hume. Lord Dufferin’s St. Andrews Dinner speech and Mr. Eardley Norton’s powerful reply. The Congress reiterated the resolutions passed at the previous sessions. Urged a Commission of Enquiry into the existing system of Police administration which was declared to be highly unsatisfactory and oppressive. Noted the serious increase in the consumption of intoxicants and requested the Government to discourage insobriety. Asked for a mixed commission to enquire into the industrial condition of the country. Requested the Provincial Congress Committees to report on the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement.

5th Session Bombay, 1889 President: Sir William Wedderburn Chairman of the Reception Committee: Sir Pherozeshan Mehta General Secretaries: A.O. Hume, Delegates: 1889 Details of the Session

This session was known as the ‘Bradlaugh Session’ as Mr. Charles Bradlaugh M.P. attended. Address presented. He delivered a speech in reply. Number of delegates rose to 1889. The number of delegates returnable from each Congress circle was limited to 5 per million of its total population. Demanded simultaneous holding in India and England of all examinations for all Civil branches of the Public Service in India. Referred to the Currency problem. At the conclusion of the Congress, addresses were presented to Mr. Bradlaugh in the course of a memorable oration said, “For whom should I work, if not for the people? Born of the people, trusted by the people, I will die of the people and I know no geographical or race limitations”. He promised to introduce a Reform Bill in the Parliament.

6th Session Calcutta, 1890 President: Sir Pherozeshah Mehta Chairman of the Reception Committee: Man Mohan Ghose General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and P. Ayodhya Nath, Delegates: 677 Details of the Session

The Secretary to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal returned the visitor’s tickets sent to him as usual by the Reception Committee and wrote that the orders of the Government of India definitely prohibit the presence of Government servants at such meetings. Retified the previous resolutions of the Congress. Resolved to hold a session of the National Congress in London in 1892. A Congress deputation headed by Surendranath Banerjee and W.C. Bonnerji was to go to England & represent the Congress demands. Funds were sanctioned for the British Committee of the Indian National Congress. Urged the extension of the permanent land revenue settlement to all portions of the country where it had not been introduced till then.

7th Session Nagpur, 1891 President: P. Ananda Charlu Chairman of the Reception Committee: C. Narayanaswami Naidu General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and Pandit Ayodhyananth Delegates: 812 Details of the Session

The Congress declared that the sad condition of the starving millions constitutes the primary raison d’etre of the Congress. It was decided that annual session of the Congress should continue to be held in India till “all necessary reforms have been secured.” Due to the General Elections in England, the Congress Session proposed to be held in London in 1892 was postponed. The usual resolutions on the Reform of Legislative Councils, increasing poverty of India, Arms Act, Military Education, Simultaneous examinations, Salt tax, income tax and excise policy passed. A sum of Rs. 40,000 was sanctioned for the British Committee of the Indian National Congress.

8th Session Allahabad, 1892 President: W.C. Bonnerji Chairman of the Reception Committee: Pandit Bishambhar Nath General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and P. Ananda Charlu Delegates: 625 Details of the Session

India Councils Act of 1892 had just been put into operation and the Congress, while loyally accepting it, regretted that the Act did not concede the right of election of representatives to the people. Regretted the resolution of the Government of India on the Report of the Public Service Commission and had a petition submitted to the House of Commons. An earnest appeal was made to Government to investigate the hardship created by the Forest Laws in Peninsular India and the hilly tracts of the Punjab. The usual resolution on jury system, separation of executive and judicial functions etc. were passed.

9th Session Lahore, 1893 President: DadabhaiNaoroji Chairman of the Reception Committee: Sardar Dayal Singh Majitha General Secretary: A.O. Hume Delegates: 625 Details of the Session

The first session in the Punjab which was so far politically backward. Raised unprecedented enthusiasm. President focussed the attention on Indian poverty. Also reiterated “Whether I am a Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Parsee or of any other creed, I am above all of India. Our country is India.” Pandit Malaviya delivered a forceful speech about the growing poverty of the villages. Resolutions on a demand for Legislative Council and High Court for the Punjab, reconstruction of Medical Service and on monetary and exchange policy were passed and previous resolutions confirmed.

10th Session Madras, 1894 President: Alfred Webb Chairman of the Reception Committee: P. Rangiah Naidu General Secretary: A.O. Hume Delegates: 1163 Details of the Session

The most important resolution were to protest against Excise duty, on cotton manufacture in British India in the interests of Lancashire and the levy of cost of Punitive Police force quartered in disturbed areas. Gagging of the Press in the States under British administration was strongly condemned. Usual resolutions on Indian poverty, India Council, public services, recruitment to the judicial services and medical services and liberalisation of education were passed.

11th Session Poona, 1895 President: Surendranath Banerjee Chairman of the Reception Committee: V.M. Bhide General Secretary: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 1584 Details of the Session

The Congress entered a solemn protest against the disabilities imposed on Indian settlers in South Africa and against Legal Practitioners Bill by which Provincial lawyers were sought to be subordinate to District Judges. The usual resolutions were reiterated and previous resolutions confirmed. There had been a severe famine in 1895-96. Lokamanya Tilak was shocked at the indifference of Government and people’s helplessness and carried on an agitation to infuse courage into the people. There were signs of a split in the Congress between Tilak’s Party and the Liberals.

12th Session Calcutta, 1896 Present: Rahimatullah M. Sayani Chairman of the Reception Committee: Sir Romesh Chunder Mitter General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 784 Details of the Session

1896 had been a year of great disasters. Plague appeared for the first time and famine broke out. Resolutions on poverty, famine and their suggested remedies were passed. But the Congress did not forget to congratulate the Queen Empress on her Diamond Jubilee.

13th Session Amraoti, 1897 President: C. Sankaran Nair Chairman of the Reception Committee: G.S. Khaparde General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 692 Details of the Session

There had been great unrest and severe Government prosecution. Public feelings had been greatly exasperated by the offensive behaviour of Mr. Rand, head of the plague Committee. Mr. Rand and another officer were assassinated on queen’s birthday by Mr. Chapekar. Lokamanya Tilak was arrested and later sentenced to 18 months rigorous imprisonment. The Natu Brothers were deported under Regulation 25 of 1827, punitive Police was quartered in Poona. Law of Sedition and other sections in the Penal Code were even more stringent. Press Committees were established in the Bombay Presidency to control Newspapers.

The Congress duly protested against these onslaughts on popular rights. The President expressed sympathy and sorrow at the arrest of Lokamanya. An attempt to pass a special resolution on Tilak’s release, however, failed.

This raised Tilak’s fame and popularity in the highest measure.

14th Session Madras, 1898 President: Ananda Mohan Bose Chairman of the Reception Committee: N. Subba Row Pantulu General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 614 Details of the Session

Congress sent greeting to Lord Curzon on his appointment as Viceroy. Strong protest against newly established Press Committees.

15th Session Lucknow, 1899 President: Romesh Chunder Dutta Chairman of the Reception Committee: Babu Bansilal Singh General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 789 Details of the Session

The policy of Lord Curzon had begun to come into evidence. Inflicted on the country in quick succession offensive measures one after another. The Congress was still Moderate and Lokamanya tilak had to withdraw his strong resolution condemning the Government but the extremist were making their presence felt. Lala Lajpat Rai successfully pressed Congress to devote half-day to the consideration of educational and industrial subjects. The resolutions of the Congress began to take a more militant colour. These protests were made against the new reactionary policy, the Punjab Land Alienation Bill, the Foreign Press Messages Bill and the suppression of Local Self-Government by Calcutta Municipal Act, and against Government circular prohibiting teachers of aided institutions from taking part in politics and attending public meetings. The new Congress constitution was passed. The object of the Indian National Congress was laid down “to promote by constitutional means the interests and the well-being of the people of the Indian Empire.”

16th Session - Lahore, 1900 President: N.G. Chandavarkar Chairman of the Reception Committee: Rai Kali Prasanha Roy Bahadur General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 567 Details of the session The Congress constitution was further amended, Resolution of Punjab Land Alienation Act postponed in deference to Muslim delegates’ wishes.

17th Session Calcutta, 1901 President: Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha Chairman of the Reception Committee: Maharaja Bahadur Jogadendra Nath Roy of Natore General Secretary: A.O. Hume

Details of the Session

A Committee consisting of Lokamanya, Malaviya and seven others was constituted to go into the economic condition of India. A Resolution urging the Government for improvement in agriculture and for establishing experimental farms was passed. Much enthusiasm was evoked and a strong resolution passed on indentured labour in Assam. The delegates’ fee was raised from Rs. 10 to Rs. 20 to meet the deficit of the expenses of British Committee.

Special Session Bombay, 1918 President: Hasan Imam Chairman of the Reception Committee: Vithalbhai J. Patel General Secretaries: C.P. RamaswamiIyer, P. Kesava Pillay and Bhurgri Delegates: 3500 Details of the Session

Specially dealt with the Montague-Chelmsford reforms proposals. The session of the Muslim League was also held at the same time under the Presidentship of Rajah of Mahmudabad and adopted resolutions similar to the Congress. Congress League scheme was reaffirmed. Montague scheme was declared to be disappointing and unsatisfactory and several modifications were suggested. Demanded a declaration of rights of the people of India. Extra judicial penalties in respect of free speech and writing and right of association were condemned. Freedom of press was demanded. Simultaneous advance in both provinces and Government of India and fiscal autonomy as an inherent right of the Indian people was demanded. It was decided to send a deputation of England.

18th Session Ahmadabad, 1902 President: Surendranath Banerjee Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dewan Bahadur Ambalal Sakarlal Desai General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 471

Details of the Session

King Edward VII had succeeded this year the Queen Victoria. The usual resolution on poverty and famine and enquiry into the economic conditions were passed. The Congress emphatically protested against a fresh permanent burden of Rs. 7,86,000 per annum on account of the British Forces in India. Also, the retrograde and reactionary recommendations of the Universities Commission were condemned again.

19th Session Madras, 1903 President: Lal Mohan Ghose Chairman of the Reception Committee: Nawab Syed Mahomed Bahdur General Secretaries: A.O. Hume and D.E. Wacha Delegates: 538

Details of the Session

Lord Curzon’s reactionary Universities’ Bill, destroying the independence of the Universities, had been published. Protest against the Bill. Protested against official Secrets Bill as dangerous to individual liberty. Comprehensive resolution on British Military policy in India and the saddling of the cost of the military garrison on Indian Exchequer.

20th Session Bombay, 1904 President: Sir Henry Cotton Chairman of the Reception Committee: Sir Pherozeshah Mehta General Secretaries: A.O. Hume, D.E. Wacha and G.K. Gokhale Delegates: 1010

Details of the Session

Congress protested against Lord Curzon’s Tibetan Expedition and its expenditure being spent out of Indian Revenue. It also protested strongly against the forward policy in Tibet, Afghanisthan, and Persia and his attempt to involve India in foreign entanglements. The military expenditure was growing still further on account of Lord Kitcherner’s Army Re-organisation scheme at an additional cost of £10 millions. The Congress viewed this with grave alarm. The proposals for partition of Bengal had already been made known and the Congress recorded its protest against them.

21stSession Benares, 1905 President: Gopal Krishna Gokhale Chairman of the Reception Committee: Hon. Munsi Madhav Lal General Secretaries: A.O. Hume, D.E. Wacha and G.K. Gokhale Delegates: 756

Details of the Session

Bengal partition had been carried against vehement versal opposition. There had been bitter exasperation roused on account of the policy of Lord Curzon. For the first time since British rule began, all sections of Indian community without distinction of caste or creed had been moved by a common impulse to get together in offering resistance to any wrong. The idea of Swadeshi movement and boycott as a political weapon were introduced for the first time. The Nationalists opposed the resolution of welcome to the Prince of Wales who was to visit India, but had to walk out on their defeat. Another topic of contention was the question of boycott of British goods. Mr. Gokhale was deputed to England to urge the Congress proposals on the British authorities. A standing committee of 15 members was appointed to implement the resolutions of the Congress during the year.

22nd Session Calcutta, 1906 President: Dadabhai Naoroji Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh General Secretaries: A.O. Hume, D.E. Wach and G.K. Gokhale Delegates: 1663 Details of the Session

The year 1905 had been a year of unprecedented popular demonstrations and activity, in Indian history. The Calcutta Session of 1906 is a landmark in the national struggle. For, it was here, though it manitested itself more violently the next year, that a split had come distinctly marked between the Liberal and the Nationalist elements. DadabhaiNaoroji was a veteran and universally revered leader and was brought specially from England to preside over the Congress to avoid open breach. A huge Pavilion was erected with an accommodation of 20,000 persons. Number of delegates attended were more than 1600. The proceedings opened with prayers and singing of VandeMataram. Following Resolutions were passed:

(1) Demanding reversal of partition to Bengal. (2) Upholding the Boycott movement in Bengal. (3) Supporting the Swadeshi movement. (4) Protesting against the Educational Policy of the Government. (5) Asking the people to take up national education. (6) Demanding self-government.

The slogan of swaraj was mentioned by the President for the first time.

(Suspended) Session Surat, 1907 President: Dr. Rash Behri Ghosh Chairman of the Reception Committee: Tribhuvandas N. Malvi

Details of the Session

The Congress was to be held at Nagpur and the Reception Committee there wished to have Lokamany Tilak as President of the Session. The being not acceptable, to the moderate Leaders, the venue was changed to Surat by the All-India Congress Committee. The Moderates had decided to have Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh as President. About a week or so before the Session the list of the subjects to be discussed was published. But it did not include resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, and National education. The Nationalists decided to fight against this divergence from the policy laid down by the Calcutta Congress. They wished Lala Lajpat Rai to occupy the chair. Under the Circumstances he did not like to preside. There was oppositions in the session led by Lokamanva Tilak and the Moderate leaders tried to ride roughshod in suppressing it. This gave rise to confusion and disturbances, a general melee and shoes were hurled and blows were exchanged. The session had to be adjourned and there was a complete parting to the ways between the Moderates and the Nationalists. Congress became a moderate body for a number of years.

23rd Session- MADRAS, 1908. President: Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh. Chairman of the Reception Committee: V. Krishnaswami Iyer. General Secretaries: D.E. Wacha and D.A. Khare. Delegates: 617. Details of the Session

The convention of Moderate leaders had drawn up a Constitution for the Congress which practically excluded the Nationalists. The Congress at Madras was a Moderate show. The resolution on Swadeshi and national education were watered down and the resolution on boycott was omitted. There was a resolution giving premature and unqualified approval of the Minto-Morley reforms. The old usual resolutions were reiterated.

24th Session-LAHORE, 1909. President: Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. General Secretaries: D.E. Wacha and D.A. Khare Delegates: 243. Details of the Session

Minto-Morley Reforms had just been introduced Congress was engaged mostly with them. I recorded disapproval of the creation of separate electorates and expressed its dissatisfaction at the unfairly disproportionate and excessive weightage given to the Muslims. It urged the formation of Executive councils in U.P., Punjab, Bengal, Assam and Burma. Protested against the discriminatory constitutional arrangements in the Punjab, C.P. and Berar. As usual it protested against the ever growing military expenditure. Funds for helping Gandhiji’s Passive resistance movement were collected.

25th Session-ALLAHABAD, 1910 President: Sir William Wedderburn. General Secretaries: D.E. Wacha and D.A. Khare. Delegates: 636. Details of the Session

Separate electorates had already begun to bear fruit and there were communal disturbances. The Congress urged formation ot conciliation boards to prevent these. It strongly deprecated the expansion of the number of separate electorates to the municipalities and district boards and other local bodies as was proposed to be done by the Government. Mr. Jinnah deprecated this extension. The South African struggle had developed and the Congress expressed its admiration at the heroic Courage and suffering.

26th Session-CALCUTTA, 1911 President: Pandit Bishan Narayan Dhar. General Secretaries: D.E. Wacha and D.A. Khare. Delegates: 446. Details of the Session

The Partition of Bengal had been annulled. A new province of Bihar had been created. The Capital had been transferred to Delhi. Lord acknowledged the place of Provincial autonomy in the scheme of national reconstruction. Indentured labour in South Africa had been abolished. The Congress met in a spirit of jubilation and passed resolutions of gratitude for all these acts. There was, of course the reiteration of the resolutions protesting against the Seditious Meetings Press Act, Criminal Law Amendment Act and other repression laws, the excise duty on cotton goods and a demand to release all political prisoners. Lokamanya Tilak was ailing and confined in the port of Mandalay. Gandhiji had led Transvaal Indian community through Suffering to Success in South Africa.

27th Session—BANKIPORE, 1912 President: R.N. Modholkar. General Secretaries: D.E. Wacha and D.A. Khare.

Details of the Session The Congress expressed non-removal of the detects in the reforms, prayed for an elected majority in the Imperial and Provincial Councils. Demanded an executive council in Punjab and again condemned extension of separate electorates to local bodies. But the Congress opined that a person ignorant of the English language should be ineligible for member- ship of the local bodies. Expressed satisfaction at the recommendation by the government of the necessity of introducing provincial autonomy. There was a large number of moderate delegates at the session. Mr. Mazhar-ul-Haq who was Chairman of the Reception Committee had said, “Already great and powerful party of liberal Muslims had arisen whose aims and ideals were the same as those of the Congress and this was the party which was bound to lead, in future, the Muslims of India.”

28th Session-KARACHI, 1913 President: Nawab Syed Mohammad Bahadur. General Secretaries: D.A. Khare and D.E. Wacha. Delegates: 349.

Details of the Session

Karachi Congress saw the beginning of Hindu-Muslim entente. The All-India Muslim League had adopted goal of self-government and the resolution was passed and speeches made on the union for self-government of the Congress and the Muslim League. Session was chiefly occupied, however, with the question of the status of Indians of South Africa. Mr. Gandhi had recently returned from South Africa, and had related the story. Carefully perceived the heroic struggles carried on by Gandhiji and his co-workers and called upon the country for support to them.

29th Session - MADRAS, 1914. President: Bhupendranath Basu. General Secretaries: N. Subba Rao and Nawab Syed Mahommed Bahadur. Delegates: 866. Details of the Session

War had been declared in Europe and Congress passed its resolution on loyalty and promise of help..But this was coupled with the demand for opening higher ranks of the Army to the Indians, establishment of military education and repeal of the Arms Act. The demand for self-government and adoption of the India Council reforms was reiterated. Mrs. Basant moved a bold resolution of reciprocity urging that India should exclude imports from countries from which her people were excluded.

30th Session - BOMBAY, 1915. President: Sir Satyendra Prasanna Sinha. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha. General Secretaries: Nawab Syed Mahommed Bahadur and N. Subba Rao. Delegates: 2259.

Details of the Session

Demanded an Executive Council for the United Provinces. Asked for the establishment of High Courts in Punjab, Burma and Central Provinces, with the status and powers of chartered High Courts. Opined that complete fiscal freedom was necessary with special reference to import, export and excise duties. Asked the A.I.C.C. to frame a scheme of reform and a programme of work, educative and propagandist and authorised the committee to confer with the All-India Muslim League Council for the same purpose and to take such further measures as may be necessary. New constitution of the Congress was framed so as to admit the Nationalist delegates. Tilak responded by announcing the willingness of his party to re-enter the Congress. An interesting feature of the Congress was Gandhi Ji could not be elected to the Subjects Committee and was nominated by the President.

31st SESSION - LUCKNOW, 1916. President: The Hon., AmbicaCharan Majumdar. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Hon. Pandit Jagat Narayan. General Secretaries: Nawab Syed Mahommed Bahadur and N. Subba Rao. Delegates: 2301.

Details of the Session

A historic session in many ways. Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Khaparde and other nationalist leaders participated and fraternised with Rash Behari Ghose and Surendranath Banerjee and other Moderates. Also fraternisation of Muslims and Hindus. The Muslim League also held its session at Lucknow. The Congress League scheme for reforms passed and sent to the Viceroy. Muslim League, for the first time, declared self-government as its goal, elected majorities in the Councils, extended power to the council half the Viceroy’s executive council to be Indians. This Congress League Scheme concede separate electorates for Muslims and representational weightage for the minorities in the legislatures. In the Central Government and in those provinces where Muslims were in a minority the number of Muslim seats would be somewhat greater than their percentage in the population concerned, while in the Muslim Majority Provinces like Bengal and Punjab they would get less than their due proportion of seats. Bipin Chandra Pal spoke before enthusiastic crowds at the Muslim League session. Resolutions vigorously protesting against Defence of India Act and Regulation III of 1818 which had been used to suppress Indian nationalism. Condemnation of Arms Act and Press Act. Support for Swadeshi movement. Lord and Lady Meston attended the Congress and were presented with an address.

32nd SESSION - CALCUTTA, 1917 President: Mrs. Annie Besant. Chairman of the Reception Committee: P.B. BAIKUNTHA NATH SEN. General Secretaries: C.P. RAMASWAMI IYER, P. KESAVA PILLAY AND BHURGRI. Delegates: 4967.

Details of the Session

Though dominated by extremists the Congress declared their “deep loyal and profound attachment to the throne and resolve to stand by the empire at all hazards and costs.” Asked for the release of Ali Brothers. Resolutions on military training, indentured labour, condemnation of the Rowlatt Committee, Press Act, Arms Act and disabilities of Indians in colonies, main resolution on self-government. Asking for time limit of establishment of responsible self-government, and immediate introduction of Congress League scheme as a first step. The Tri-colour flag was introduced for the first time.

33rd Session-Delhi, 1918. President: Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Hakim Ajmal Khan. General Secretaries: V.J. Patel, Fuzlul Huq and Pandit Gokaran Nath Misra. Delegates: 4861.

Details of the Session

For the first time, a thousand peasant delegates attended the Congress. Proceedings hitherto conducted in English were conducted in Hindustani. Congress was becoming a mass organisation. Resolution demanded the repeal of all repressive laws. Demanded the fulfilment of the principle of self-determination in view of the pronouncements of President Wilson and Mr. Lloyd George and demanded representation at the Peace Conference by popularly elected representative. Lokamanya Tilak, Gandhiji and Hasan Imam were nominated. Bombay resolutions on reforms were reaffirmed. Condemned Rowlatt Committee’s recommendations. Asked for the release of Ali Brothers, detenus and political prisoners. Asked that India may be relieved of the burden of repaying 45 millions for war funds.

34th Session - Amritsar, 1919 President: Pandit Motilal Nehru. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Swami Shradhanand. General Secretaries: V.J. Patel, M.A. Ansari and Pandit Gokaran Nath Misra. Delegates: 7,031.

Details of the session

Met after Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. Attended by Lokamanya, Ali Brothers, Malviyaji. Main resolution moved by Deshbandhu Das was for rejecting the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms as inadequate, unsatisfactory and disappointing. Gandhiji moved amendment for co-operation. A compromise formula evolved thanking Montague and to so work the reforms as to establishment of full responsible secure an early Government. Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford was impeached and his recall demanded. Condemnation of mob violence in Punjab. Endorsed the boycott of the Hunter Commission. Protested against hostile attitude of British Ministers towards Khilafat issue. Lokamanya, Lalaji and Andrews thanked for services. Congratulated Sankaran Nair on resignation. Horniman’s deportation condemned. Resolution on Fundamental Rights. Call for investigation of Land Revenue System, Labour conditions and the woes of third class passengers. Resolutions on Swadeshi, prohibition of export of milch cows and stud bulls and the liquor policy of the provinces. Pleaded for repeal of Press Act and Rowlatt Act.

Special Session- Calcutta, 1920 President: Lala Lajpat Rai Chairman of the Reception Committee: B. Chakravarti. General Secretaries: V.J. Patel, M.A. Ansari and Pandit Gokaran Nath Misra.

Details of the session

Mourned the death of Lokamanya Tilak and Dr.Mahendranath. Expressed concurrence with the findings of the Punjab Enquiry Committee. Declared that the Majority report of the Hunter Committee was tainted by bias and race prejudice and that the report was unacceptable and unreliable. Condemned British cabinet’s apathy towards Punjab atrocities and declared it has shaken all confidence of the people of India in British justice. Main resolution was the non-co-operation resolution advocating surrender of titles, refusal to attend Government functions, boycott of Schools, Law Courts and Legislatures, boycott foreign goods and councils moved by Gandhiji, Bipin Chandra Pal moved amendment to send deputation to British Premier. C.R. Das supported amendment. Hotly debated. Most well known Congress leaders like Lajpat Rai and Khaparde supported by Pandit Motilal Nehru and Ali brothers opposed resolution. Resolution carried by 1886 votes to 884. Calcutta session for the first time put Gandhiji as the accredited leader of the nation.

35th Session-NAGPUR, 1920. President: C. Vijayaraghavachariar. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Seth Jamnalal Bajaj. General Secretaries: Motilal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari and M.A. Ansari. Delegates: 14,583.

Details of the session

Reaffirmed the non-cooperation resolution of Calcutta. An All-India Tilak Swaraj fund started. Boycott of Duke of Connaught. Congress creed changed to the attainment of Swaraj by peaceful and legitimate means. Provinces regrouped on linguistic basis. A.I.C.C. membership raised to 350. Working Committee of 15 appointed. Homage to Martyr Mac Swiney, the Irish hunger striker. Support to Indian overseas in their struggle. Condemned export of food stuffs.

36th Session-Ahmedabad, 1921 President: Hakim Ajmalkhan. President-elect: C.R. Das in Jail. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Vallabhbhai Patel. General Secretaries: Motilal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, V.J. Patel and A. Rangaswami Iyengar. Delegates: 4,726.

Details of the Session

Main resolution was really at thesis on non-cooperation, its philosophy and programme alike. The pledge for volunteers included. Gandhiji was appointed as the sole executive authority of the Congress and invested with the full powers of the AICC and also the power to nominate a successor. Maulana Hasrat Mohani proposed to define Swaraj in the Congress creed as Complete Independence. Gandhiji opposed it and the resolution was thrown out. Public support was requested for hand- spinning and hand-weaving, Communal unity, total prohibition and eradication of untouchability. Declared that the non-cooperation or Khilafat movement had nothing whatsoever to do with Moplah rebellion. Expressed horror at the Podanur train tragedy. Congratulated Kemal Pasha on his victories over the Greeks. Felicitated Baba Gurdit Singh of Komagatamaru.

37th Session - Gaya, 1922. President: DeshbandhuChittaranjan Das. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Brii Kishore Prasad. General Secretaries: Moazzam Ali Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad. Delegates: 3248.

Details of the session

Main resolution of the session was on Council entry. Rajaji led the No-changcrs and Das led the Swarajists. Jamiat-ul-ulema had issued a fatwa declaring Council entry as Mamnoon and not Haram. Declared bv a large majority to continue the boycott of councils. Deshbandhu Das resigns Presidentship. The nation was called upon to get ready men and money for mass Civil Disobedience. Solemn warning to Government not to incur any more national debts. Appealed to the public not to contribute to any further loans floated by the Government. Congratulated the Akalis on their in-exampled bravery and their spirit of non-violence. Congratulated Kemal Pasha.

Special Session-Delhi, 1923. President: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr. M.A. Ansari. General Secretaries: Moazzam Ali, Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad.

Details of the session

Permitted such congressmen “as have no religious or Conscientious objection against council entry” to legislatures. All propaganda against council entry suspended. Redoubled efforts to be put forth on behalf of constructive programme. Boycott of Foreign cloth through Khaddar urged. Urged the formation of Civic Guards and promotion of physical culture. Committee to determine the most feasible methods of encouraging lndian industries. Committee appointed to revise the constitution. Committee appointed to prepare a draft of the National pact. Nagpur Flag Satyagrah congratulated on its successful finish. Press warned to observe great restraint in dealing with communal matters. Condemned the fored abdication of Maharajah of Nabha. Sympathy for sufferers of earthquake in Japan and floods in Bihar. Kanara and Burma. Released prisoners notably Lala Lajpat Rai and Maulana Mahomed Ali welcomed. Kenya the subject of indignation.

38th Session-Coconada, 1923 President: Maulana Mohammad Ali. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Deshabhakta Konda Venkatappayya. General Secretaries: Dr. S.D. Kitchlew, Gangadhar, Rao Deshpande, Jawaharlal Nehru and D. Gopalkrishnayya Delegates: 6,188.

Details of the session

Condemned the continued incarceration of Savarkar. National Pact to be circulated along with the Bengal Pact prepared by Deshbandhu Das. Formation of an All India Volunteer organization. A scheme of separate Congress departments was called for, as also a scheme of National Service of paid workers to work these various departments. Wholehearted sympathy with Kenya Indian and George Joseph and Sarojini Naidu deputed as delegates to the Kenya Indian Congress Committee appointed to enquire into conditions of Indian Labour in Ceylon. Resolved to stand by the Sikhs as Government action in attacking Akali Dal was a challenge to right of free association. Civil Disobedience and Satyagrah Committees absorbed into the Working Committee. Emigration from India was advised to be stopped.

39th Session—Belgaum, 1924. President: Mahatma Gandhi. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Gangadhar Rao Deshpande. General Secretaries: ShaibQuereshi, B.F. Bharucha and Jawaharlal Nehru. Delegates: 1,844.

Details of the session

Gandhi- Das-Nehru agreement passed by the AICC in November was ratified. The Congress franchise was likewise altered. Resolutions on untouchability and Vaikom Satyagraha. The Akali movement, drink and opium traffic dealt with by suitable resolutions. The exodus of Hindus from Kohat was deplored and the Muslims of Kohat were exhorted to assure their Hindu brethren of full protection of lives and property and the Hindu refugees were advised not to return except upon the invitation of the Kohat Muslims. Sympathy expressed for the sufferers in Gulbarga in Nizam’s dominions. Indians abroad, the subject of a suitable resolutions. Services of Sarojini Naidu, Vaze and Benarasidas Chaturvedi appreciated. Certain alterations in Congress Constitution were affected.

40th Session - Cawnpore, 1925. President: Mrs. Sarojini Naidu. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr. Murli Lal General Secretaries: M.A. Ansari, A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Pandit Santanam. Delegates: 2,688.

Details of the session

Received South African delegation. Declared the Area Reservation and Immigration Registration Bill to be a breach of Gandhi Smuts Agreement, 1914 and suggested a Round Table Conference to arbitrate. Bengal ordinance condemned. Expulsion of non-Burman offenders Bill and the Tax on Sea-Passengers Bill of Burma condemned. Faith in Civil Disobedience reiterated. Adopted a detailed constructive programme. Endorsed the Swaraj Party’s demands and called on the Swarajists to walk out of the Councils if their demands were not accepted. Hindustani prescribed as the language of the Congress. Foreign department of AICC to be opened.

41st Session - Gauhati, 1926. President: S. Srinivasa Iyengar. Chairman of the Reception Committee: T.R. Phookun. General Secretaries Dr. M.A. Ansari, A. Rangaswami Iyengar, Pandit Santanam and V.J. Patel. Delegates: 3,000.

Details of the session

Main resolution was on work in Councils. Congressmen were to refuse ministerships or other offices until a satisfactory response was made by the Government to the Nationalist Demand. They were to refuse supplies and throw out budgets and all proposals for legislative enactments by which the bureaucracy proposed to consolidate its powers. But allowed to move resolutions and introduce and support measures and bills necessary for the healthy growth of national life and the advancement of the country’s interests and for the protection of Civil liberties and the consequent displacement of the bureaucracy. Tributes paid to memory of Swami Shraddhananda by Gandhiji and Maulana Mahomed Ali. Condemned the discrimination against Indian settlers in Kenya. Emergency legislation for dealing with Bengal detenues was condemned. Resolutions on Hindu Muslim Unity, Gurudwara prisoners and Bengal detenues.

42nd Session - Madras, 1927. President: Dr. M.A. Ansari. Chairman of the Reception Committee: C.M. MuthuranagaMudaliyar. General Secretaries: ShaibQuereshi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. Delegates: 2,694.

Details of the session

Main resolution resolved to boycott the Simon Commission “at each stage and in every form”. Creed of the Congress defined in a separate resolution that “the goal of the Indian people is complete National Independence”, Even Mrs. Beasant supported the Independence resolution. Working Committee authorised to coopt and to confer with other bodies and draft a constitution and place it before a special convention for approval. War danger sounded in a resolution. Declared it would be duty of the people to refuse to take any part in any Imperialist war or to co- operate with the Government in any way. Congratulated General Avari of Arms Act on his hunger strike. Condemned the proposed separation of Burma from India. Demanded release of detenues. Resolutions on League against Imperialism, China, refusal of passports, boycott of British goods, Hindu Muslim unity, Indians in Africa and lawless laws.

43rd Session - Calcutta, 1928. President: Pandit Motilal Nehru. Chairman of the Reception Committee: J.M. Sen Gupta. General Secretaries: M.A. Ansari and Jawaharlal Nehru. Delegates: 5,221.

Details of the session

Main resolution was on Nehru Report. Gandhiji moved a resolution accepting Nehru Report’s recommendation of Dominion Status for two years. Jawaharlal moved an amendment reiterating adherence to independence. Compromise formula evolved. Ultimatum to British Government to accept the Nehru Report within one year or the Congress would launch satyagraha. Propaganda for independence to continue. Detailed programme of work for the year issued. Reciprocated greetings from friends in foreign countries. Contemplated a Pan-Asiatic Federation. Reiterated Madras resolution on War danger. Congratulations to Vallabhbhai Patel on the success of the Bardoli Satyagraha. Demand for responsible Government in Indian States. Resolutions on police raids and searches in Lahore, Boycott of British goods, League against Imperialism etc. Mass rally of 50,000 labour workers in Congress Pandal who saluted the national flag and supported Independence.

44th Session Lahore, 1929 President: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr.Saif-Ud-Din Kitchlew General Secretaries: Syed Mahmud, Sri Prakasha and Jairamdas Daulatram

Details of the session

Main resolution was about independence. The entire scheme of the Nehru Report was declared to have lapsed. Declined to be represented at the proposed Round Table Conference under the existing circumstances. Congressmen were asked to resign from legislatures. Authorised A.I.C.C. to launch Civil Disobedience. The resolution on the communal question assured the minorities that “no solution would be acceptable which did not give full satisfaction to the parties concerned.” Declared that every obligation and concession inherited by Independent India would be strictly subject to investigation and unjust concessions and obligations would be repudiated.

Appreciated the supreme self sacrifice of Jatindranath Das and PhongyWizaya. Deplored the bombing of Viceregal train and congratulated Lord Irwin and party on their escape. Election for Working Committee gives place to nomination. Resolutions on Indian States, East Africa, refusal of Passports etc. Srinivasa Iyengar and Subhas Bose with their followers walked out and formed the Congress Democratic Party.

45th Session - Karachi, 1931. President: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Dr. Choitram Gldwani. General Secretaries: Syed Mahmud and Jawaharlal Nehru.

Details of the session

Recorded admiration for the bravery and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades though disapproving of political violence. Condemned the execution of Bhagat Singh and others as an act of wanton vengeance. Co1- demned the Government’s niggardly policy regarding the release of Politicals. Appreciated sacrilice of Ganesh Shankar Vidyarathi. Embodied Congress standpoint on Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Gandhiji was authorised to represent the Congress at the Second Round Table Conference. Resolution on Fundamental Rights. Other resolutions dealt with Civil Disobedience sufferers, communal riots, prohibition, Khaddar, peaceful picketting, Frontier people, N.W.F. Province and Indians in South and East Africa. Separation of Burma was condemned but recognized the right of an independent Burma State. Noteworthy feature of the Session was the large attendance of KhudaiKhidmatgars from the Frontier. The Congress was held in open air without any pandal or tent. A black flag demonstrations against Gandhiji for not having saved Bhagat Singh’s life, by a few young men.

46th Session (Banned), 1932

In 1932, the Congress was outlawed, but a Session of the Congress was held in April, 1932 at Delhi. Despite police vigilance, over 500 delegates attended. Pandit Madan Mohan malaviya, the President elect was arrested enroute. Four resolutions were passed reiterating complete Independence as the goal of the Congress, endorsing the revival of Civil Disobedience, expressing complete faith in Gandhiji’s leadership and reaffirming deep faith in non-violence.

47th Session (Banned), 1933

In April 1933, a token session was held at Calcutta. Pandit Malaviya was again elected President but was arrested on the way. Mrs. Nellie Sen Gupta Presided, Lathi charge and arrest of delegates. The session reiterated the 1932 resolutions.

48th Session - Bombay, 1934. President: Babu Rajendra Prasad. Chairman of the Reception Committee: K.F. Nariman General Secretaries: J.B. Kripalani, Syed Mahmud and Jairamdas Daulatram.

Details of the session

Golden Jubilee Session of the Congress. Endorsed the A.I.C.C. resolution of the Parliamentary Board and its policy and programme. Congratulated the nation on the heroic sacrifices made and the sufferings undergone. An All-Indian Village Industries Association was set up. Congress exhibitions hereafter to be organised by A. I.S.A. and A.I.V.I.A. and not by the Reception Committee. Far- reaching changes in the Congress constitution were affected. Labour franchise and habitual wearing of Khaddar necessary for elective membership. Congress delegation reduced to an maximum of 2000. A.I.C.C. reduced to half its strength. Delegates to be elected at the rate of l to 500 primary members and thus made true representatives of the nation. Gandhiji sought, unsuccessfully to change the Congress creed to “truthful and non-violent” in place of “peaceful and legitimate” methods. Resolutions on constructive programme, Swadeshi, status of Indian settler’s overseas. Gandhi Ji resigns his Primary membership and retires from Congress.

49th Session Lucknow, 1936 President: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru General Secretaries: Acharya Kripalani and Jairamdas Daulatram

Details of the session

Tributes to memory of dead patriots and greetings to prisoners. Condemned arrest of Subhas Boss, and the widespread, intensive Suppression of civil liberties. Thanked Romain Rolland for invitation World Congress against War and Fascism. Declared the opposition to participating in any imperial war. Expressed sympathy for Abyssinia. Pointed out the Government of India Act facilitated and perpetuated the domination and exploitation of the people. But Congress to contest the elections to the Provincial legislatures. Mass contact programme launched. Sympathised with Indians abroad in their disabilities. An All-India Agrarian Programme decided. Declared the struggles in the States have to be carried on by the people of the States themselves.

50th Session - Faizpur, 1937 President: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Shankar Rao Deo. General Secretaries: J.B. Kripalani and Jairamdas Daulatram.

Details of the session

Declared elimination of Imperialism necessary to outlaw war. Condemned the non-intervention policy of the British Government in the Spanish struggle and assured the Spanish people of Indian sympathy. Avowed the separation of Burma was being enforced against the wishes of a large body of Burman opinion and in favour of the interests of British Imperialism. Decided for extension of sell governing institutions to the excluded areas. Noted with satisfaction the election results and decided to hold an All-India Convention of Congress legislators and A.I.C.C. members to decide the question of office acceptance.

51st Session - Haripura, 1938. President: Subhas Chandra Bose. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Darbar Gopaldas Desai General Secretaries: J.B. Kripalani.

Details of the session

Main resolution was on Federation. Reiterated its condemnation of the proposed Federal Scheme. Dealt with National education and appointed an All-India Education Board on basic national education. Assured the minorities of the widest scope for their development. Deprecated the ban on Congress organisations in Midnapur. Demanded release of Guidallo of Assam. Manifesto on Ministerial resignation in Bihar and U.P Declared that struggles in Indian States must not be undertaken in the name of the Congress but assured the States People of its solidarity with them. Declared that Congress cannot associate itself with any activities incompatible with its basic principles while approving of Kisan Sabhas in General. Set up a Constitution Committee. Resolution on Indians overseas, Zanzibar and clove boycott, Indians in Ceylon, China, Palestine. The Congress’ stand with regard to foreign policy and war Danger was repeated.

52nd Session - Tripuri, 1939. President: Subhas Chandra Bose. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Seth Govind Das. General Secretary: J.B. Kripalani.

Details of the session

Subhas attends session on a stretcher. Main resolution was moved by Govind Vallabh Pant. Declared its implicit confidence in Gandhiji and the old Working Committee and requested the President to appoint the new Working Committee in accordance with the wishes of Gandhiji. Stormy debate. Resolution carried by large majority. Called upon all Congress organisations to get ready for a nation Wide struggle, promote unity and eliminate disruptive forces. A.I.C.C. authorised to make changes in Congress Constitution to make the organisation efficient. Disapproved of and dissociated itself from British foreign policy. Welcome to the Wald delegation. Resolutions on happenings in Palestine; conditions of Indians overseas.

53rd Session-Ramgarh, 1940. President: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad General Secretary: Acharya J.B. Kripalani.

Details of the session

The overwhelming question before Ramgarh Session was the crisis brought about by the war. It passed only one resolution on that all absorbing question. Heavy rainstorm results in breakup of the Session.

54th Session - Meerut, 1946. President: Acharya J.B. Kripalani. Chairman of the Reception Committee: CHAUDHARY RAGHUBIR NARAIN SINGH General Secretaries: Mridula Sarabhai and Dr. B.V. Keskar. Delegates: 2,950.

Details of the session

This session to be held after 6 years was to be organised on a grand scale as the ‘Diamond Jubilee Session’, but owing to the breakout of communal riots at this time in Meerut, only a small session confined to delegates and few visitors was actually held. The Reception Committee arrangements had to be cancelled in the main. No exhibition was held. Representatives of Indian Overseas and others attended this Congress, from Fiji, Malaya, Singapore, British Guiana, Kenya and India League in London. Large number of visitors attended the session and the A.I.C.C. Pandal where the open session was also held full to the capacity. The Nagar was marked by artistic gateways erected by a batch from Santiniketan under the direction of Nandita Kripalani and the life in the Nagar was enlivened by the I.N.A. orchestra and stage plays under Capt. Ram Singh of the I.N.A. General Shah Nawaz was in charge of the volunteers corps and turned out a very impressive rally. The Congress was held when the League had joined the Interim Government and the riots had begun to spread.

Condolence resolution took note of many deaths of great leaders in the past years, P. Malviya, Vijayaraghavachariar, Srinivasa lyengar, Rabindranath Tagore, JamnalalBazaz, Bhulabhai Desai, Satyamurty, Shiv Prasad Gupta, R.S. Pandit, and several others. A retrospective resolution reviewed the events of the past six years and a half, payed its homage to those who had died or suffered for the country and took note of the suffering of the people during war years, by repression, maladministration and famine. It expressed alarm at the trends of international developments and at the appearance of the atomic bomb as a new weapon of war, and expressed once again the Congress ideal of peace and international justice and peace. The Congress ratified the decision of the Working Committee with regard to Constituent Assembly and Interim Government. There were resolutions on South and East Africa and of greetings to Indonesian Republic, and on the States. The Congress adopted the principles and programme in the Congress Election Manifesto and the August Resolution with Regard to the contents of Swaraj. The resolution on communal strife expressed horror at the happenings in Bengal, Bihar and parts of Meerut District and lay the responsibility on the preaching of hatred and violence for political purposes. The Congress warned the Country against such propaganda and urged the necessity of security and rehabilitation. Resolution on changes in Congress Constitution authorised the A.IC.C. to make amendments to make Congress more widely representative of the people.

55th Session - Jaipur, 1948. President: B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Gokulbhai Bhatt. General Secretaries: Shankarrao Dev Acharya and Jugal Kishore. Treasurer: Kamalnayan Bajaj.

Details of the session

Representatives of the Overseas Indians extended their fraternal greetings to the Congress. Congress placed on record its sense of profound sorrow and shame at the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Endorsed the appeal and approved of the action taken by the A.I.C.C. to raise a National Memorial to Mahatma Gandhi and to start a National Memorial Fund with the object of furthering Constructive, educational, social and cultural ideals and activities with which Mahatma Gandhi was so intimately connected during his life.

56th Session - Nasik, 1950. President: Purushottam Das Tandon. Chairman of the Reception Committee: D.S. Hirey. General Secretaries: Mohanlal Gautam Kala and Venkata Rao. Treasurer: Vallabhbhai Patel.

Details of the session

Resolutions on General Condolence and Natural Disasters were unanimously passed. A resolution on Communalism was also passed declaring that the Congress honoured every faith and neither favoured nor discriminated against any particular religion or its adherents. Declared that territories under foreign possessions should be incorporated in the Republic of India. It also stated that immediate action was necessary on the economic programme with regard to power and irrigation, self-sufficiency in food, adequate supply of essential raw materials for industry and reduction in the general price level.

57th Session -New Delhi, 1951 President: Jawaharlal Nehru. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Brahm Prakash. General Secretaries: Lal Bahadur Shastri and U.S. Maliliah. Treasurer: D.P. Mishra.

Details of the session

Congress moved a condolence resolution on the assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan and this was adopted unanimously. It reaffirmed its faith to establish a secular democratic state. Welcomed the Five-Year Plan Draft. In its resolution on Foreign Affairs, it approved of the decision of the Government not to participate in the San Francisco conference, which was held for the purpose of signing the Japanese Peace Treaty. It also hoped that negotiation for a ceasefire in Korea would meet with Success. Regretted the continuing tension between India and Pakistan and hoped for a peaceful settlement of all Indo-Pakistan problems.

58th Session Hyderabad, 1953 President: Jawaharlal Nehru Chairman of the Reception Committee: RamanandaTiriha General Secretaries: Balvantray Mehta, S.N. Agarwal and U.S. Malliah Treasurer: Morarji Desai

Details of the session

Resolution adopted unanimously, Bhoodan Yagna and praised the work which Acharya Vinoba Bhave had undertaken. Viewed with deep concern and grave anxiety, the tension and deepening crisis in relations between the great powers. Appreciated achievements of the United Nations Organisation. Noted that some national movements for freedom in its Africa were being forcibly suppressed. Recorded its appreciation of the peace efforts of the government in regard to the Korean War and also supported the government in pursuing policy of peace, international Cooperation and non-alignment with power blocs. Further called upon the peoples of the world to look upon the Courageous struggle of the satyagrahis in South Africa as a struggle of mankind, for freedom of opportunity and racial equality. Expressed its grave concern at developments in Ceylon with regard to the people of Indian origin and deplored the administrative measures and economic sanctions taken against them.

59th Session Kalyani, 1954 President: Jawaharlal Nehru Chairman of the Reception Committee: Atulya Ghosh General Secretaries: S.N. Agarwal and Balvantray Mehta Treasurer: Morarji Desai

Details of the session

Expressed appreciation of the work of the Indian representatives and custodial forces in Korea. Appreciated the introduction of self-government in the gold coast of Africa and Nigeria. Also welcomed the emergence of self-government in Sudan. Welcomed the appointment by the government of a Commission for the reorganization of states and the wide terms of reference that had been laid down for it. Noted with satisfaction the achievements of many targets of the Five-Year Plan and particularly welcomed the progress made in the community projects. It also noted the widespread popular response to these activities.

60th Session Avadi, (Madras),1955 President: U.N. Dhebar. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Smt. S. Ambujammal. General Secretaries: Shriman Narayan and K.P. Madhavan Nair. Treasurer: Morarji Desai.

Details of the session

Noted the de facto transfer of French establishment in India, and felt gratified that the change took place by means of a friendly settlement with the French Republic. Felt confident that Portuguese settlements in India would also join the Union. In its resolutions on International Affairs, welcomed developments in the lessening of international tensions. Hoped that the Geneva accord would lead to a peaceful settlement in South East Asia. Hoped that further steps would be taken to continue negotiations for a peaceful settlement of the Korean question. Welcomed the live principles of Panchsheel and was of the opinion that these principles would basically govern international relations and establish peaceful coexistence. Welcomed the proposal to convene a conference of independent states of Asia and Africa and wished the conference success. Welcomed the decision of the government to accelerate the pace of land reforms and to implement the recommendations of the Planning Commission in this connection. Also appreciated governments efforts for the welfare of women and children. Welcomed the Hindu Law Reform Bills.

61st Session Amritsar, 1956 President: U.N. Dhebar Chairman of the Reception Committee: Gurmukh Singh Musafir General Secretaries: Sriman Narayan and K.P. Madhavan Nair Treasurer: Morarji Desai

Details of the Session

In its resolution on International Affairs, appreciated that panchsheel had been welcomed and accepted by many countries as the basis of their respective relations with India. Expressed its satisfaction that the deadlock which excluded a number of nations from membership of the United Nations had been broken. Noted with regret that China was still not represented in the United Nations. Regretted that countries which stood for democratic ideals had given their active support to South African regime. Noted with sorrow the plight of the people of Goa under the colonial rule of Portugal.

62nd Session Indore, 1957 President: U.N. Dhebar Chairman of the Reception Committee: Kanhaiyalal Khadiwala General Secretaries: Sriman Narayan, K.P. Madhavan Nair and M.M. Choudhury Treasurer: Morarji Desai.

Details of the Session

A resolution on the 1857 Centenary Celebrations was moved and adopted unanimously. Shri Jawaharlal Nehru also proposed that the election manifesto be adopted. Referring to India’s foreign policy, Shri Nehru said that this (foreign policy) had to be considered with relation to India’s domestic policy and added that the “two must go together.” Welcomed the withdrawal of the Anglo-French forces from Egyptian territory and hoped that the foreign forces in Hungary would also withdraw and let the people of Hungary decide their own future.

63rd Session - Gauhati, 1958. President: U.N. Dhebar. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Mahendra Mohan Choudhury. General Secretaries: Shriman Narayan, K.P. Madhavan Nair and M.M. Choudhury. Treasurer: Morarji Desa.

Details of the session

In its resolution on International Affairs, noted with satisfaction that the Declaration of the United Nations adopted in 1957 affirmed the five principles of coexistence, Attached great importance to the spread of education of the basic type. Approved the general approach of the budget proposals and in particular, welcomed the new direction given to the tax structure. Also welcomed the decision of the National Development Council to decentralise the organisation for rural development. Further appealed to all Indians to restrict unnecessary Consumption and invest in Governments loans and National Savings and other Schemes.

64th Session - Nagpur, 1959. President: U.N. Dhebar Chairman of the Reception Committee: Gopika Bai Kaunwar General Secretaries: Sadiq Ali, Sucheta Kripalani, A.S. Raju and Takhtmal Treasurer: Y.B. Chavan.

Details of the session

Expressed its conviction that cooperation between all nations, particularly those advanced in science and technology was essential. Regretted that no substantial advance had been made in respect of world disarmament. Welcomed the emergence of Ghana as an independent sovereign republic. Declared its full support for the peoples of Algeria and Cyprus and their demand or nationhood. Reaffirmed that the last remnants of colonialism in India must come to an end by the liberation of Goa from Portuguese colonial rule. Reiterated its solidarity with the peoples of Indian origin as well as all others in South Africa in their struggle against racial discrimination.

65th Session - Bangalore, 1960. President: N. Saniiva Reddy Chairman of the Reception Committee: H.K. Deve Gowda. General Secretaries: G. Rajagopalan, Sadiq Ali and Abha Maity. Treasurer: Y.B. Chavan.

Details of the session

Welcomed the movement for decentralising rural economy and establishment of Panchayati Raj. In its resolution on International Affairs, welcomed the emergence of freedom of several new countries in Africa. It deplored the continuance of the policies of racial segregation and discrimination in certain parts of Africa. Regretted that the people of Algeria had gone through untold sufferings in their struggle for independence and that they had not yet achieved their objective. Reaffirmed its conviction that the people of Goa would be liberated from foreign colonial rule. Welcomed the agreements arrived at between India and Pakistan with regard to eastern and western frontiers.

66th Session - Bhavnagar, 1961. President: N. Sanjiva Reddy. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Thakurbhai Desai. General Secretaries: G. Rajagopalan, and Sadiqali. Treasurer: Y.B. Chavan.

Details of the session

Endorsed the draft outline of the Third Five-Year Plan. In its resolution on national integration, it was firmly of the opinion that Communalism, casteism, provincialism should be combated in every way. In its resolution on International Affairs, affirmed its belief that in view of the advance in war weapons technology, the only realistic approach was one which would ensure general and complete disarmament. It deplored the invasion by land, sea and air by France, and requested members of NATO to withhold their support which was being used for war on colonial peoples. It also regretted that Portugal had made no effort whatsoever to emancipate the enslaved people of Goa. It characterised the violation of Indian territory by China and the occupation of it as a breach of the principles of co-existence which India and China had mutually pledged.

67th Session Patna, 1962 President: N. Sanjiva Reddy Chairman of the Reception Committee: Jagjivan Ram General Secretaries: K.K. Shah, Jagannath Rao and Sadiq Ali Treasurer: S.K. Patil

Details of the session

Endorsed the election manifesto and expected all Congressmen to participate in the election campaign in a spirit of devoted and disciplined service. Welcomed the repeated support accorded by Parliament to the Government’s foreign policy. Also welcomed the attainment of independence of Tanganika. Regretted that certain powers with vested interests were involved against the United Nations forces in the Congo. Welcomed the end of the Portuguese colonialism in Goa and also welcomed the declaration of policies and intentions in regard to the future of Goa by the Prime Minister, that the individuality of Goa would be respected and that the people of Goa would share fully the freedom and fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

68th Session - Bhubaneshwar, 1964 President: K. Kamaraj. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Biju Patnaik. General Secretaries: K.K. Shah, Jagannath Rao Chandiki and G. Rajagopalan. Treasurer: S.K. Patil.

Details of the session

Expressed grief over the death of two former Presidents of the Congress - Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Purushottam Das Tandon. In its resolution on International Affairs, it welcomed the Soviet announcement regarding reduction of armed forces. Also welcomed American President Johnson’s intention to pursue policy of peace. The UN decision on South Africa were also welcomed. It also supported the Colombo proposals. Welcomed Kenya and Zanzibar on their attaining freedom. The Congress also welcomed the forthcoming project of non-aligned nations Conference.

69th Session - Durgapur, 1965 President: K.Kamaraj. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee. General Secretary: T. Menaen. Treasurer: S.K. Patil.

Resolution was passed on the death of Shri Jawaharlal Nehru. Resolutions were also passed on the cyclone disaster and the Jawaharlal Nehru National Memorial Fund. In its resolution on International Affairs reaffirmed its determination to continue and pursue the policy of non-alignment and peaceful co-existence. Declared that efforts be redoubled for the development of the peaceful use of atomic energy for the prosperity and well-being of the Indian people. Deplored the nuclear explosion conducted by the People’s Republic of China.

70th Session - Jaipur, 1966. President: K. Kamaraj. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Hari Deo Joshi. General Secretaries: T. Manan and Sadiq Ali. Treasurer: S.K. Patil.

Details of the session

Passed a draft resolution on Gandhi Centenary, 1969. Also passed a condolence resolution on the death of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri. Welcomed the Tashkant Declaration. Noted that the emergency programmes which were put forward had been implemented with great success in many states. Called on the Government to make available necessary inputs of fertilisers, pesticides, improved variety of seeds and technical services. Also called on Government to reorganise and streamline plant protection service. Reiterated the need to continue to implement policy of assuring a remunerative and incentive price for agriculturists.

Called on all States and the Central Government to take necessary steps for implementing land reforms policy.

71st Session - Hyderabad, 1968. President: S. Nijalingappa. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Kakani Venkatratnam. General Secretaries: Sadiq Ali, Shankar Dayal Sharma and P. Venkatasubbaiah. Treasurer: Atulya Ghose.

Details of the session

Passed a condolence resolution expressing grief over the death of all its members and on the natural calamities the country had to face. Reviewed the political situation, and reaffirmed its faith in secular and socialist democracy. Called upon all units of the Congress to pursue programmes and adopt measures, to preserve the integrity of the country and to curb the divisive forces based on religion, caste, region and language, to fight the forces of violence that are growing within the community and to strengthen mass Contact.

72nd Session - Faridabad, 1969. President: S. Najalingappa. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Ram Saran Chand Mittal. General Secretaries: Sadiq Ali, Shanker Dayal Sharma and P. Venkatasubbaiah. Treasurer: S.K. Patil.

Details of the session

Adopted report of the panel on the Political Situation” and welcomed the action of the Government in appointing an all-party Committee, to consider remedial measures and urged that early steps be taken to implement recommendations of this Committee. Also stated that it was imperative that there should be no weakening of the Central authority. Panel condemned attempts by spokesmen of obscurantism to justify the heinous practice of untouchability, and reiterated determination to fight such tendencies. Reaffirmed the need of implementation of the ten-point programme as well as of land legislation.

73rd Session - Bombay, 1969. President: Jagjivan Ram. Chairman of the Reception Committee: Vasantrao Patil. General Secretaries: Shankar Dayal Sharma and H.N. Bahuguna. Treasurer: Uma Shankar Dixit.

Details of the session

Congress held the group which was known as Syndicate, responsible for violating party discipline and splitting the Central parliamentary party and the organisation, subverting the internal party democracy and spurned the efforts of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers and other senior members of the Working Committee towards unity and cooperation based on policies and programmes. Viewed with deep concern the large-scale outbreak of communal riots in the country. Identified the politics of communalism practised and preached by communal parties as main factor responsible for disturbances. Categorically rejected the reactionary theory of Indianisation of Indian Muslims and considered the call to them to prove their loyalty to India as an affront to crores of Indian citizens.

74th Session Calcutta, 1972 President: Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Treasurer: Uma Shankar Dikshit General Secretaries: Chandrajit Yadav, M. Chandrasekhar and Aziz Iman

Details of the Session

Called upon Congress workers at all levels to carry the message of the Congress to the people and involve them in fulfilling the objectives that the nation has already accepted. It suggested steps be taken to ensure effective and active involvement of poor and weaker sections of the population in the Congress policies and programmes so as to instill in them a sense of belonging and participation in the process of national reconstruction. The resolution on International situation, expressed distress at the happening in Uganda. It called on all peace loving people and government to express themselves in favour of the right of the people of Vietnam to fashion their own destiny without outside interference. Called upon Israil to cease aggression against the Arabs and implement 1967 resolution. Greeted the people of Bangladesh on achieving nationhood.

75th Session - Chandigarh, 1975. President: D.K. Barooah. General Secretaries: PurabiMukherjea, Margatham Chandrashekhar, Aziz Imam and P.V. Narasinmha Rao. Treasurer: Uma Shanker Dikshit.

Details of the session

In its economic resolution, it recognised the useful role of the private sector in accelerating the development process. The Congress was firmly committed to the elimination of the evils like hoarding, black-marketing and tax-evasion. Gratified at the magnificent response of workers to the Prime Ministers appeal and reaffirmed its commitment to increasing worker’s participation in management. It also reaffirmed its commitment to build a just modern and dynamic socialist.

In its international resolution, it welcomed the progress towards detente and relaxation of tension. Hailed the victory of the people of Vietnam and Cambodia. Extended support to the Arab Nations in their struggle for justice. Deplored the establishment and expansion of the Diego Garcia Base. Supported the efforts by the littoral states to preserve the Indian Ocean as an area of peace.

76th Session - New Delhi, 1978. President: Mrs. Indira Gandhi. General Secretaries: Buta Singh and A.R. Antulay.

Details of the session

The resolution on the political situation spoke of the year 1977 and said that it had been the most momentous and crucial in the country’s recent history, since the Indian National Congress after remaining in power continuously at the centre for three decades had bowed out of office. It was therefore, necessary to lay emphasis on the socio-economic policies of the Congress again, to spell out effective programmes for broad-based mobilisation of Congressmen and the masses.

Pledged itself to a reappraisal of all Congress policies to build a secular society. Set up a machinery to intervene at short notice in any situation of communal tension anywhere, and also to ensure the safeguarding of the rights of the minorities, and their effective participation in all spheres of national Life. Also pledged to full involvement of party workers in socio-economic transformation at all levels.

77th Session Calcutta, 1983 President: Smt. Indira Gandhi Chairman of the Reception Committee: Ashok Kumar Sen General Secretaries: Rajiv Gandhi, G.K. Moopanar, C.L. Chandrakar, C.M. Stephen and Rajendra Kumari Bajpai Treasurer: Sita Ram Kesari.

Details of the session

The session took stock of the prevailing political and economic situation. In its political resolution, it condemned the nefarious and sordid actions of antinational elements to disturb communal harmony in the country. It expressed concern at the campaign of violence let loose by a small section in Punjab.

The Congress urged the government to restructure the educational system. It urged the intelligentsia to play a positive and constructive role in fashioning a new value system that would be conductive to development. It also assured scheduled castes and scheduled tribes that party would continue its efforts to secure for them, social and economic justice. The session urged the government to strictly enforce new legislative measures providing for deterrent punishment for those who perpetrate crimes against women.

In its economic resolution, it reiterated its strong commitment to the objective of building a self-reliant economy on the basis of modern science and technology. In the resolution on International situation it extended wholehearted support to freedom fighters in Namibia. It also reiterated its commitment to the declaration of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace and affirmed the support to UN in the efforts to find a political solution for the complex issues in Afghanistan. It called for a speedy end to the tragic and wasteful war between Iran and Iraq. It urged all patriotic forces in the country to realize the threat being posed to the security of Indian by the large scale induction, into Pakistan of a vast arsenal of sophisticated weapons.

78th Session Bombay, 1985 President: Rajiv Gandhi Chairman of the Reception Committee: Sivajirao Patil Nilangkkar General Secretaries: G.K. Moopanar, A.K. Antony, M. Chandrasekhar, Jitendra Prasada, Oscar Fernandes, Ahmed Patel, R.L. Bhatia and TarunGogoi Treasurer: Sita Ram Kesari

The 78th Session marks the completion of the first 100 years of the Indian National Congress, years of struggle and sacrifice; years of achievement of freedom and independence; years of consolidation of national unity and integrity; years of all round social, economic, scientific and technological progress; and years of establishment of our democratic institutions.

This session also marks the beginning of the next 100 years of the Indian National Congress, years in which we shall consolidate the achievements and victories of the first 100 years to mould the future; years that will demand utmost dedication to further progress and advancement to make the India of our dreams come real.

79th Session Tirupati (A.P), 1992 President P.V. Narsimha Rao. Chairman of the Reception Committee: M. Tulsidas General Secretary: Janardan Pujari Treasurer: Sitaram Kesri

Details of the Session

79th Session was held after the assassination of our beloved leader Shri Rajiv Gandhi in 1991. Under the leadership of Congress Party President Shri P.V. Narsimha Rao, Congress formed Government at the centre to take major changes in Economic and Foreign Policy. In this session, Congress passed three resolutions which gave new directions. These resolutions are as follows:

In Political

The Indian National Congress believes that progress must come to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Minorities and weaker sections in India. They must have an equal and legitimate share in all the benefits available to its citizens. The Indian National Congress has been at the forefront of the struggle for the economic and social progress of the Backward Classes. It was Jawaharlal Nehru who moved the amendment to the Constitution providing for reservation for the Backward Classes.

The plenary of the Indian National Congress at Tirupati is meeting at a crucial stage of the nation’s march towards a radically different future. In the forty-five years since independence, the Indian National Congress has always been in the vanguard of every effort to convert India into a strong, self-reliant nation. Today, this task assumes even greater dimension and diversity. In Economic

The economic policy of Congress is based on the concept of ‘Change with Continuity’. The policy of liberalisation has been enunciated at the most appropriate time. When we started building up our industrial structure in the late fifties, the private sector was weak. The Indian industry has come of an age, and now has the necessary capital resources and managerial talent to compete internationally. The new policy initiatives do not mean the acceptance of laissez faire. The INC thereof reasserts that the State should continue to give direction and guidance to the Indian economy in general and the Indian industry in particular. The INC reiterates its commitment to preserving the Nehru-Indira-Rajiv vision.

In International

The single most direct objective of India’s foreign policy must be to further that cause, to build and invigorate between nations and peoples the trust, friendship and intimacy; so necessary to happiness and survival on this single, small, fragile planet that is our common home.

80th Session-Calcutta,1997 President: Sitaram Kesri Chairman of the Reception Committee: Somen Mitra General Secretaries: Tariq Anwar Treasurer: Ahmed Patel

At the 80th Plenary Session of the Congress to be held in Calcutta during August 8-10, the Party will put on display, literally, men and women of clay. The artisans of Kumartuli, famous for making idols of Gods, are giving the finishing touches to giant models of Congress martyrs and a tableau on the Dandi March.

To the Congressmen of West Bengal, the timing of the session, coming a week before the 50th anniversary of Independence, offers the bonanza of a party affair resembling a national one. Says Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC) President Somen Mitra, who also heads the plenary’s reception committee: “It will be three days of hectic political activity, but the artist, musician and modeler will be omnipresent.”

81st Session- Bangalore, 2001 President: Smt. Sonia Gandhi General Secretaries: Ambika Soni, Oscar Fernandes, Kamalnath and others Treasurer: Motilal Vora

Details of the Session

81st Session took stock of the prevailing political and economic situations in the country. In this session, Congress Party passed 4 major resolutions i.e. Political, Agriculture, Economic and International resolution.

On Politics: In its Political resolution, Congress touches several important national issues and gives vision for the future and says The Congress vision for India has been evolved through 115 years of dedicated service to the nation. No other party even remotely matches this record. Ours is the all-encompassing Party which draws its inspiration from the roots of our history and civilization. Our principles have been steeled in the furnace of the freedom struggle. Over 45 years of constructive nation-building, the Congress has held its own as the natural Party of governance. The present interregnum has been brought about by a fracturing of social forces and the regionalization of sections of public opinion. The Congress has always risen above the narrow interests of creed or caste or class, religion, language or region to represent the country as a whole.”

Meeting in Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore at the commencement of the 21st century with which Rajiv ji’s name is immortally associated, the Congress recalls with sorrow and pride and fierce rededication the vision for India which this young but wise leader set out for the nation in his historic address to the centenary session of the Congress on December 28, 1985:

On Agriculture: It is in grateful recognition of the trust reposed in the Congress by the Kisan and khet mazdoor that in this hour of their dire need, the Congress has departed from past practice to adopt a separate Resolution on Agriculture. As an inevitable consequence of the lopsided priorities of the BJP-led coalition government, the kisans and khet mazdoors of India have been subjected to endless suffering. The rate of growth of agricultural output in the last three years has collapsed to half the average rate attained in the sixth, seven and eighth Plans under successive Congress governments.

On Economic: The AICC reaffirms its commitment to the poor and the eradication of poverty. This calls for a much faster level of growth, which in turn, calls for radical reforms in economic policy. Rapid progress in infrastructure and industry calls for unleashing the creative and innovative energies of both-managers in the public sector and entrepreneurs in the public. A sovereign, self-confident and self-reliant India can derive the best advantage from the closer integration of our economy with the global system of trade, technology and finance, provided always we are alert to warding off the risks that are attendant to such a process.

India’s myriad social and economic problems admit of no single mantra as a solution. They demand a constantly evolving mix of approaches, that combines purposive and effective public investment with vibrant and vigourous private entrepreneurial endeavour, a mix that integrates faster growth with deeper social development, a mix that marries increasing globalization with greater self-reliance and a mix that blends respect for tradition with an embrace of modernity, a mix of economic growth with social justice.

On International: The Indian National Congress has consistently adhered to certain fundamental principles in formulating our foreign policy, derived from the value system validated by the success of our Freedom Movement. Our views on foreign policy have reflected the consensus inspired by the vision of our founding fathers which sustained a moral view of the world and India’s place in it. The Congress Party demands a rapid return to consensus in foreign policy. Without such consensus we will not be able to effectively pursue our interests and make our contribution to world peace and global prosperity.

82nd Plenary Session- Hyderabad, 2006 President: Smt. Sonia Gandhi General Secretaries: Ambika Soni, Mukul Wasnik, Oscar Fernandes, Janardan Dwivedi and others Treasurer: Motilal Vora.

Details of the Session

During the 82nd Plenary Session, Congress Party was in power. Under the leadership of Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Congress formed the alliance Government in the Centre and Dr. Manmohan Singh became the Prime Minister. It was the consecutive session of Smt. Sonia Gandhi. In this Plenary Session, Congress Party adopted four resolution:-

On Economic affairs: The 82nd Plenary of the Indian National Congress is taking place at a time when the Congress-led UPA government has been in power at the Centre for almost twenty months. During this period, the government has taken major new initiatives in economic policy in keeping with the commitments made in the National Common Minimum Programme The Indian National Congress categorically rejects the idea of growth, accompanied by increased joblessness that marked the BJP-led NDA period. It also firmly rejects the idea of growth, accompanied by increased inequalities that marked the BJP-led NDA period. Actually, the BJP-led NDA period saw a lower economic growth than during 1980-89 or during 1992-96 when the Congress was in power. The time has come for India to change. The Indian National Congress congratulates the Congress-led UPA government for giving a new direction and imparting a new momentum to the economy. The Indian National Congress rededicates itself to the noble task of not only making India an economic superpower over the next decade but of ensuring that each and every Indian leads a life of dignity, security and equality of opportunity in all ways. Wishing India to be great is a worthwhile ambition for all of us to have but fulfilling the wants of all Indians is of basic and fundamental importance. This is the message of Hyderabad that will be taken away by all Congressmen and women.

On External Security and International Affairs: The Indian National Congress congratulates the UPA Government for farsighted, creative and constructive steps in foreign relations, based on the broad national consensus on India’s foreign policy since Independence. A strong and united India at home, and a confident and competitive India abroad, has been the aspiration of the UPA government; the success thus far achieved in just close to two years that the Congress led UPA Government has been in power calls for widespread appreciation and support.

Many positions staunchly and vigorously supported by the Indian National Congress over the years have ultimately been accepted by the world. The unwholesome shadow of global terrorism continues to haunt and threaten the world. India has lost innumerable Indian lives, including the precious lives of the ‘Father of the Nation’ and two Prime Ministers, to terrorists and senseless violence. Today at last there is a common resolve in the world to fight cross-border and global terrorism and an indication that finally the tide has begun to turn. The Indian National Congress pledges to continue the battle till the world is made safe again.

On Political Affairs: The Indian National Congress today stands in the vanguard of the Indian people as they proceed to face the challenges that emerge in the new millennia and as they grasp the numerous opportunities that a changing world scenario offers to a people determined to take their legitimate place in the world. The transformation of an ancient country into a strong and modern nation-state is, by itself, a unique achievement in which the Indian National Congress can legitimately take pride.

On Agriculture, Employment & Poverty Alleviation through Panchayati Raj: The Indian National Congress expresses its deepest sense of gratitude to its President, Smt. Sonia Gandhi, and the Hon’ble Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, for initiating path-breaking schemes and programmes for the overall development of the country, particularly for the rural areas, after assuming office one and half years ago. These schemes and programmes have been put into action by enacting revolutionary legislation to eradicate poverty, generate employment and promote social reform. These initiatives have shown that the Congress Party is pro-poor, pro-farmer and pro-rural development.

83rd Plenary Session- Delhi, 2010 President: Smt. Sonia Gandhi General Secretaries: Digvijaya Singh, Janardan Dwivedi, Mohsina Kidwai, Rahul Gandhi, Mukul Wasnik and other Treasurer: Motilal Vora.

Details of the Session

81st, 82nd, and 83rd Plenary session, third consecutive session under the leadership of Smt. Sonia Gandhi and even the people of India voted UPA Government in 2004 and 2009. It was clear that they had voted for a government led by the Indian National Congress, for its policies of development, inclusion, and social justice. It was very simply a mandate to work selflessly for our people for the disadvantaged and the discriminated and above all for the common citizens. This 83rd Session adopted three main resolutions and one for Indian National Congress:

ON 125 YEARS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

This Plenary Session is a historic landmark in our journey as one of the oldest democratic movements of the world. It is an inspirational moment not only for millions of Congress men and women, but for all those across the world who believe in human dignity and freedom and for those who subscribe to the right of free expression and in the power of free choice. 125th Anniversary is an occasion to reflect on our glorious past, to rejoice in our achievements and to ponder and introspect on the challenges which remain.

On Foreign Policy: This session of the AICC has noted with satisfaction and considerable appreciation the government’s efforts to enhance India’s stature in the comity of nations. The traditional leadership role of India in leading from the front the Third World and movements for emancipation of Asia and Africa has evolved into a 21st century leadership for an equitable global order. Indian National Congress congratulates the Government for its remarkable achievements and the deft handling of foreign policy.

On Political Affairs: The Indian National Congress is proud to be the only Party that truly represents India an India that is at peace with herself, proud of her multiple identities and celebrating her inherent diversities. More than a billion Indians today view the world with a renewed confidence they believe this is their century and they can achieve anything they set out to do. Our commitment to the principles of non-violence heralded a revolution in the history of the world.

The society free from communal and social prejudices, a casteless and a non-discriminatory society with equal opportunity for all; Building such an India is our solemn duty and we as a Party are committed to do just this.

That remains the clarion call of the Congress, the core of our philosophy as the Indian National Congress continues to lead India with social, economic and political stability. On Economic Affairs: Economic progress is vital to the creation of such a society. India, like every other developing country, must remain on the path of development and should never stray from that path. As the nation moves forward on that path, it must always be alive to the suffering of the poor and the disadvantaged and marginalised sections of the society and take measures to bring them out of poverty and include them on the journey to prosperity. The Indian National Congress calls upon the Government to continue its work to build a prosperous, equitable and just society.

84th Plenary Session - Delhi, 2018 President: Shri Rahul Gandhi General Secretaries: Mukul Wasnik, Oommen Chandy, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and others Treasurer: Motilal Vora.

Details of the Session

84th Plenary Session took stock of the political and economic situation of the country during the Modi-led BJP Government. It was Shri Rahul Gandhi’s maiden session. When he was unanimously elected (unopposed) by the Congress Committee. In this session, Congress committee adopted 4 resolutions.

Appreciation for the selfless service of Smt. Sonia Gandhi, as Congress President

This 84th Plenary of the Indian National Congress, recalls the contribution of its leader Smt. Sonia Gandhi, as Congress President and steering the Party through many a challenging and testing times in our illustrious history.

This Plenary of the Congress places on record, its deep sense of appreciation for the selfless service of Smt. Sonia Gandhi, saluting her leadership as Congress President. The history of the Congress shall record with gratitude her sacrifices and notable contribution that will continue to inspire generations to follow.

On Political Affairs: Congress will adopt a pragmatic approach for co-operation with all like-minded Parties and evolve a common workable programme to defeat the BJP-RSS in the 2019 elections. Under the BJP regime, the people of India - Farmers, Khet Mazdoors, Workers in the unorganised sector, Self-employed, Manual labourers, Dalits, Minorities, Traders, Unemployed Youth and the Poor have been betrayed. The Congress Party is prepared to make whatever sacrifices required to defend the ethos of our Constitution. We will purge the polity of the aberrations witnessed during the BJP regime, which has failed to honour its commitments to the people of India.

The 84th Plenary of the Congress gives a clarion call to its rank and file to rise to the occasion to defend the foundational values of our republic and constitutional democracy. A resurgent Congress alone shall win back the idea of India, as envisioned by the founding fathers of our nation.

Resolution on Agriculture, Employment & Poverty Alleviation Agriculture Saving the farmer and saving agriculture The Indian National Congress expresses deep concern over the unprecedented and severest agrarian crisis staring the country today. This is because of flawed and deliberate anti-farmer policies of the present NDA government.

The Indian National Congress resolves to bring in a farmer-centric paradigm shift in the Indian agriculture and restore profitability, taking a humanitarian and compassionate approach to enhance farmer’s incomes, ensuring dignity to farmers, good education to their children, healthcare to their families and financial and social security through pensions to farmers and farm workers.

Employment

The Indian National Congress joins the youth of the country in expressing deep anguish on the failure of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party government to provide the promised two crore new employment opportunities every year. The Party notes that job growth in the country has slowed down to less than half percent, which is woefully inadequate to meet the hopes and dreams of our young women and men.

The Congress resolves to put India on the high job growth trajectory, opening up new avenues for our youth.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION

The Indian National Congress shall ensure that the provisions of the “The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Rules 2013” are implemented in letter and spirit. The Party shall create a National Poverty Alleviation Fund and would impose a 5% cess on the incomes of the top 1% richest Indians. This would be used directly to give education scholarships to the children from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other BPL families.

RESOLUTION ON ECONOMIC SITUATION IN INDIA: The Indian National Congress places on record its firm belief that the tenure of the NDA government led by Shri Narendra Modi is replete with governance and management misadventures and mistakes.

Sustained economic growth is the path toward becoming a middle-income developed country. It is the path to lifting the poor out of poverty. It is the path toward creating a large, vibrant and productive middle class. It is the path to creating wealth and generating government revenues that will enable the State to spend adequately to attain social and redistributive justice. Such sustained economic growth can be achieved only if the country can be rescued from the hands of incompetent economic managers and entrusted to those who have for many years nurtured the economy and guided it on the path of all-round economic development.

Resolution on Foreign Policy: A blend of idealism and pragmatism, the Foreign Policy carried a deep imprint of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru’s world view and a commitment to the principles of Panchsheel. In the changing global scenario, it is important that India, along with its partner countries, continues to work for the creation of a world order which is equitable, fair and balanced. For that, early reforms in the multilateral institutions remain an imperative.

India’s strategic outlook must be shaped by the rapidly unfolding political and economic changes across the world. Congress remains of a firm view, that diplomacy must have depth and gravitas. India has long enjoyed international respect as a country, deeply committed to multilateralism and a rule-based world order even while zealously safeguarding its vital interests. This session of the Congress conveys its concern that this broader vision of India and its humanist responses have dimmed in recent past. The concept of enlightened self-interest, that was Pt. Nehru’s legacy, must be upheld and strengthened.